When optimizing the reservation quota scheme, existing methods faced many challenges, including difficulty in capturing dynamics and randomness, limited theoretical assumptions, and complex data acquisition and processing. GPS trajectory data of container trucks was used to comprehensively capture the entire process of container truck turnover from arrival at the port to completion of operations, and based on this, establishes a mapping relationship between the number of container truck arrivals within the unit appointment time window and their total turnover time at the port. A more precise and concise quota optimization model was constructed by using this mapping relationship, and the quota appointment system for container trucks was optimized and solved. The experimental results show that the optimized reservation quota scheme effectively reduces the arrival volume of container trucks during peak periods, while increasing the number of vehicles arriving during off peak periods, significantly reducing the total turnover time of container trucks at the port, improving the operational efficiency of the terminal, and thereby enhancing the competitiveness of the port.