客船人员应急撤离出口布局的优化

doi:10.16411/j.cnki.issn1006-7736.2025.03.005

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大连海事大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3) : 44-53. DOI: 10.16411/j.cnki.issn1006-7736.2025.03.005

客船人员应急撤离出口布局的优化

丑宇权¹，王新建^*1，关钰波¹，饶实一¹，房斯明²，刘正江¹

作者信息 +

Optimization of exit layouts for ship emergency evacuation

CHOU Yuquan¹, WANG Xinjian^*1, GUAN Yubo¹, RAO Shiyi¹, FANG Siming², LIU Zhengjiang¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为缓解客船人员在应急撤离出口处的拥堵，将人群动力学试验与人员撤离仿真建模相结合，在出口处设置与墙壁呈不同角度的挡板，提高出口处的人员撤离效率。首先，设计和开展了不同出口布局方案的人群动力学试验，获取行人在不同方案下的撤离运动数据，利用轨迹追踪技术提取人员移动轨迹，分析不同方案下出口处的人员撤离效率。其次，基于社会力模型，根据SAFEGUARD实船演习项目提供的船舶布局参数，建立全尺寸船舶的人员撤离仿真模型，并验证其有效性。最后，以人群动力学试验的出口布局方案为输入，调整所建立仿真模型中客船出口的布局，在全尺寸撤离平台中验证和分析出口布局方案对于人员撤离效率的影响。研究结果发现，在出口处设置挡板且挡板与墙壁的角度为30°时，撤离情况最优，撤离效率和拥堵缓解率分别提高了6.57%和11.21%。研究结果可为客船乘客的应急管理和船舶设计提供决策依据和技术支持。

Abstract

To alleviate the congestion of passenger ship personnel at the emergency evacuation exit, crowd dynamics experiments were combined with personnel evacuation simulation modeling, and baffles at different angles to the wall were set up at the exit to improve the efficiency of personnel evacuation. Firstly, crowd dynamics experiments were designed and conducted for different exit layout configurations to collect data on human evacuation movement, and trajectory tracking technology was employed to extract movement trajectories and analyze evacuation efficiency under different layout configurations. Secondly, based on the social force model and by using ship layout parameters from the SAFEGUARD fullscale evacuation project, a full-scale evacuation simulation model for passenger ship was established and validated for its effectiveness. Finally, taking the exit layout configuration of the crowd dynamics experiment as input to adjust the layout of the passenger ship exit in the established simulation model, the influence of the exit layout configuration on personnel evacuation efficiency on a full-scale evacuation platform was verified and analyzed. Results show that when a baffle is installed at the exit and the angle between the baffle and the wall is 30°, the evacuation situation is optimal, while the evacuation efficiency and congestion relief rate are increased by 6.57% and 11.21%, respectively. The research results can provide decisionmaking basis and technical support for emergency management of passenger ships and ship design.

导出引用

丑宇权, 王新建, 关钰波, 饶实一, 房斯明, 刘正江. 客船人员应急撤离出口布局的优化[J]. 大连海事大学学报. 2025, 51(3): 44-53 https://doi.org/10.16411/j.cnki.issn1006-7736.2025.03.005

CHOU Yuquan, WANG Xinjian, GUAN Yubo, RAO Shiyi, FANG Siming, LIU Zhengjiang. Optimization of exit layouts for ship emergency evacuation[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University. 2025, 51(3): 44-53 https://doi.org/10.16411/j.cnki.issn1006-7736.2025.03.005

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