为揭示射流摆动在船载棕榈油洗舱过程中对残油清洗效果的影响机制，基于自建实验平台开展棕榈油动态清洗试验，运用 FLUENT数值模拟，并结合动网格、用户自定义函数，构建射流摆动洗舱过程仿真模型，系统分析射流摆动速度对棕榈油清洗效果的影响。结果表明：船载棕榈油射流清洗的核心机理为壁面压力与剪切应力的耦合协同作用。清洗过程中，壁面压力率先发挥主导作用，击穿附着于舱壁的棕榈油层并形成初始无油区域，随后通过射流径向扩展产生的剪切应力彻底剥离壁面残余油污。射流水平摆动速度是影响清洗效果的关键参数，其与舱壁压力、最大剪切应力呈显著负相关；水平摆动速度过快会引发射流运动滞后，造成射流“水垫”有效覆盖面积缩减、剪切应力利用效率降低，削弱清洗性能。试验工况下，当射流水平摆动速度为1.11 r/min时，壁面压力与剪切应力匹配度最优，“水垫”覆盖范围广，剪切应力利用率最高，油污剥离效果最优。垂向摆动速度同样对清洗效果存在重要影响，需与水平摆动速度形成合理匹配。在垂向摆动速度恒定条件下，水平摆动速度过快会导致舱壁深度清洁不足，过慢则会扩大盲区面积；而增大垂向摆动速度会进一步拉大射流清洗路径间距，加剧盲区范围扩大，造成清洗质量下降。经对比分析，水平摆动速度1.11 r/min、垂向摆动速度20 mm/s为最优参数组合。该参数组合下，壁面压力与剪切应力协同作用最强，射流“水垫”可充分覆盖舱壁残油区域，实现残留棕榈油的完全剥离，100%清洗效果耗时仅18.75 s，较同样实现100%清洗效果的最差参数组合，该最优工况的清洗效率提升50%，可为船舶棕榈油洗舱高效作业提供重要的工程参考依据。

To reveal the influence mechanism of jet oscillation on the removal of residual palm oil during the dynamic cleaning of shipboard cargo tanks, dynamic cleaning experiments were carried out on a self-built test platform. A numerical simulation model for jet oscillation tank cleaning was established by using FLUENT, combined with dynamic mesh and user-defined functions. The effects of jet oscillation velocity on the cleaning performance of palm oil were systematically analyzed. The results show that the cleaning mechanism of palm oil is the coupling effect of wall pressure and shear stress. During the cleaning process, wall pressure acts first as the dominant factor, breaking through the palm oil layer attached to the tank wall and forming an initial oil-free zone. Afterwards, the shear stress generated by the radial expansion of the jet thoroughly strips the residual oil from the wall surface. The horizontal oscillation velocity of the jet is a key parameter affecting cleaning performance, and it has a significant negative correlation with tank wall pressure and maximum shear stress. Excessively high horizontal oscillation velocity leads to jet motion lag, which reduces the effective coverage area of the jet “water pad” and lowers the utilization efficiency of shear stress, thus degrading the cleaning performance. Under the test conditions, the optimal matching between wall pressure and shear stress is achieved at a horizontal oscillation velocity of 1.11 r/min, the effective coverage area of the “water pad” is relatively large, the utilization efficiency of shear stress reaches the maximum, and the oil removal performance is the best. The vertical oscillation velocity is also a key factor affecting the cleaning effect, and it needs to be reasonably matched with the horizontal oscillation velocity. With the vertical oscillation velocity keeps constant, an excessively high horizontal oscillation velocity results in insufficient deep cleaning of the tank wall, while an excessively low value enlarges the blind area. Increasing the vertical oscillation velocity will further widen the spacing between jet cleaning paths, expand the blind area and degrade the cleaning quality. Comparative analysis shows that the combination of 1.11 r/min (horizontal) and 20 mm/s (vertical) oscillation velocity achieves the best performance. Under this combination, the synergistic effect of wall pressure and shear stress is the strongest, and the effective coverage area of the “water pad” is relatively large, which can fully cover and peel off the residual palm oil on the wall. While achieving a 100% cleaning effect, the time consumed is only 18.75 s. Compared with the worst parameter combination that also achieves a 100% cleaning effect, the cleaning efficiency of this optimal working condition is improved by 50%, which can be used as a reference for efficient tank washing operations of actual ships.