为有效利用船舶烟气和冷却水的余热,采用有机朗肯-蒸汽压缩制冷系统为船舶进行空调,建立了系统的热动力学模型,分析比较了六种常用工质R123、R134a、R245fa、R600、R600a和R290对应的系统性能,并以系统性能最佳为目标对工质进行了优选.计算结果表明:不论是对于有机朗肯循环和蒸汽压缩制冷循环,还是对于整个系统而言,R600a都是最合适的工质.热源温度和冷凝温度对系统性能有重要影响.通过改变热水流量可以控制和调节热水温度,从而优化系统性能.同时,冷凝温度的确定要综合考虑系统性能、冷却水泵功耗、换热器面积和系统投资,做到系统整体性能最佳.
Abstract
To efficiently utilize waste heat from ships exhaust gases and engine cooling water, an organic Rankine cyclevapor compression refrigeration (ORCVCR) system was employed for airconditioning and a thermodynamic model was developed. Six working fluids of R123, R134a, R245fa, R600, R600a and R290 were selected and compared in order to identify suitable working fluids which may yield high system efficiencies. The calculated results show that R600a is the most appropriate working fluid not only for ORC but also for VCR and ORC/VCR. Heat source temperature and condensation temperature have important influences on system performance. Hot water temperature can be controlled and adjusted by changing mass flow of hot water, thereby optimizing the system performance. To ensure condensation temperature and attain the optimal overall performance, system performance, power consumption, heat exchanger area and system investment should be comprehensive considered.
关键词
船舶余热 /
空调 /
有机朗肯-蒸汽压缩 /
工质选择 /
膨胀机
Key words
ships waste heat /
air-conditioning /
organic Rankine cycle-vapor compression /
working fluids selection /
expander
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参考文献
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基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51106161);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)资助项目(2012AA053003);广东省中国科学院全面战略合作项目(2012B091100263).
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