随着自主船舶技术日益成熟，未来其将与传统船舶在港口航道中混合航行。如何在保障航行安全的前提下，实现自主船舶与传统船舶的协同进出港并最大化航道通过能力，是当前亟须解决的关键问题。本文面向港口混行交通场景设计了一种自主船舶编队策略，并构建了一个稳健的宏观建模框架，用于评估编队策略对航道通过能力的影响。模型引入协作式编队与随机式编队两种策略，在不同交通需求和自主船舶渗透率条件下开展对比分析。实验结果表明：在中等渗透率下，自主船舶编队策略对航道通过能力影响较小，而在高渗透率下影响显著；协作式编队在提升通过能力方面优于随机式编队。自主船舶编队策略可有效提升混行场景下的航道通过能力，为未来港口及航道交通管理优化提供理论支撑与技术参考。

With the rapid advancement of autonomous vessel technology, future port channels will witness mixed navigation involving both autonomous and conventional ships. A key challenge lies in ensuring navigational safety while enabling effective coordination between autonomous and traditional vessels during port entry and exit, thereby maximizing channel throughput. This paper proposes a formation strategy for autonomous vessels tailored to mixed traffic scenarios in ports and develops a robust macroscopic modeling framework to assess the impact of such strategies on channel capacity. Two formation strategies are introduced: cooperative formation and random formation. A comparative analysis is conducted under varying traffic demands and autonomous ship penetration rates. Experimental results show that at medium penetration rates, the impact of autonomous formations on channel capacity is minimal; however, at high penetration rates, the impact becomes significant. The cooperative formation strategy outperforms the random one in terms of capacity enhancement. The proposed formation strategies for autonomous ships can effectively enhance channel capacity in mixed navigation scenarios, providing theoretical support and technical guidance for future optimization of port and channel traffic management.