在现代工业体系中，机械振动监测技术对于保障设备安全运行、预防故障发生具有重要意义。本研究提出了一种基于摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）的高灵敏度液态金属基振动传感器，用于船舶机械设备的实时振动检测。该传感器由导电织物、氟化乙烯丙烯共聚物薄膜（Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene, FEP）和液态金属构成，利用摩擦起电效应将机械振动转化为电信号。经实验验证，该传感器在5至50 m/s²动态加速度范围内展现优异的线性电压响应（R 2=0.995），灵敏度达0.218 V·m⁻¹·s²。此外该传感器还具备良好耐久性，经历21600次加速疲劳测试后信号衰减可忽略，最终成功应用于船舶空气压缩机振动监测。相较于传统压电式和电磁式传感器，该技术具有高灵敏度、抗电磁干扰及柔性适应复杂环境等优势，为船舶等恶劣工况下的设备状态监测提供了新型解决方案。

In modern industrial systems, mechanical vibration monitoring technology plays a crucial role in ensuring equipment safety and preventing failures. This study proposes a highly sensitive liquid metal-based vibration sensor based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for real-time vibration monitoring of marine mechanical equipment. The sensor consists of conductive fabric, Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) film, and liquid metal, utilizing the triboelectric effect to convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. Experimental verification shows that this sensor exhibits excellent linear voltage response (R 2=0.995) within the dynamic acceleration range of 5 to 50 m/s², with a sensitivity of 0.218 V·m⁻¹·s². It also has good durability, and the signal attenuation can be ignored after 21,600 acceleration fatigue tests. It was ultimately successfully applied to the vibration monitoring of ship air compressors. Compared to traditional piezoelectric and electromagnetic sensors, this technology offers advantages such as high sensitivity, electromagnetic interference resistance, and flexibility to adapt to harsh environments, providing a novel solution for condition monitoring of equipment in demanding operational scenarios such as marine applications.