为降低高程序化与高危海上搜救任务对传统人工救援模式的依赖，提升我国海上搜救响应效率，本文提出一种考虑效能均衡的救援基地群布局与异质无人艇配置协同优化方法。该方法兼顾海域响应时效性与风险等级分布特性，构建救援效能评估模型，用于量化分析基地布局与无人艇配置方案的综合性能。在此基础上，以责任海域整体救援效能最大化为目标，综合考虑投资预算约束、无人艇续航能力限制及通信覆盖半径等实际条件，建立协同优化模型，并设计基于线性转换的精确求解算法，实现复杂约束下最优配置方案的高效求解。算法验证结果表明，当海域单元边长超过1.5 km时，该算法可在十几分钟内求得精确解，且计算精度随网格细化而提升，能更准确反映实际海洋环境特征。案例分析进一步显示，优化救援基地群布局与异质无人艇的协同配置方案，可有效改善海上救援效能空间分布的不均衡问题。敏感性分析结果表明，随着目标函数调节系数的增大，优化结果更倾向于提升响应效率，所配置的无人艇船型也从混合船型逐渐转向高性能船型；相应地，覆盖的责任海域单元减少了17.8%；若要在保持救援效能不降低的前提下维持原有责任海域面积不变，每年需额外增加2.1~9.7万元的投资预算。

To reduce the reliance of highly procedural and highrisk maritime search and rescue (SAR) tasks on traditional manual rescue modes and improve China’s maritime SAR response efficiency, this paper proposed a collaborative optimization method for rescue base cluster deployment and heterogeneous unmanned surface vehicle (USV) configuration considering efficiency balance. This method accounted for both the timeliness of maritime response and the distribution characteristics of risk levels, established a rescue efficiency evaluation model, and was applied to quantitatively analyze the comprehensive performance of base cluster deployment and USV configuration schemes. On this basis, with the objective of maximizing the overall rescue efficiency of the responsible sea area, a collaborative optimization model was established by comprehensively considering practical constraints such as investment budget limits, endurance capacity of USVs, and communication coverage radius. Furthermore, an exact solution algorithm based on linear transformation was designed to achieve efficient solving of the optimal configuration scheme under complex constraints. The algorithm verification results show that when the side length of the sea area unit exceeds 1.5 km, the algorithm can obtain an exact solution within ten minutes, and the calculation accuracy improves with grid refinement, which can more accurately reflect the characteristics of the actual marine environment. The case study further demonstrates that optimizing the collaborative scheme of rescue base cluster deployment and heterogeneous USV configuration can effectively alleviate the unbalanced spatial distribution of maritime rescue efficiency. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that as the objective function adjustment coefficient increases, the optimization results tend to prioritize response efficiency, and the deployed USV types gradually shift from mixed types to highperformance types. Correspondingly, the number of covered responsible sea area units decreases by 17.8%. To maintain the original area of the responsible sea area without reducing rescue efficiency, an additional annual investment budget of 21 000 to 97 000 RMB is required.