基于AIS数据，应用GIS空间分析和地理空间模拟方法，分析莱州湾海上渔业船舶和商业船舶活动的时空特征，对海上船舶活动对莱州湾海洋生态红线区、海洋功能区海域生态环境的潜在压力进行直观、量化评估.结果表明，莱州湾船舶活动集中在海湾西南部海域和港口航运区、农渔业区等海洋功能区；渔业船舶活动日变化、季节变化特征较为明显；莱州湾西南部海域和龙口港区西北部海域受海上船舶活动的潜在压力较大.建议在每年的9 — 11月份，加强对莱州湾渔业船舶活动和海上捕捞作业的监管，做好黄河口、莱州浅滩等海洋生态红线区生态环境质量监测，防范商业船舶活动对周边养殖区和海洋牧场海域生态环境的不良影响.

Based on the ship automatic identification system (AIS) data, the spatial-temporal feature of fishing vessels and commercial ships activities were identified，and the potential pressure caused by marine ships on ecological red line sea area and marine functional zone in Laizhou Bay were assessed by using GIS spatial analysis and geospatial simulation methods. Results show that maritime vessel activities in Laizhou Bay are concentrated in the southwest sea area and marine functional areas, such as port shipping area, agricultural fishery area and so on; the daily and seasonal variations of fishing vessels are more obvious; the potential pressure of the marine vessel activities in the southwestern sea area of the Laizhou Bay and the northwest of Longkou port area is greater. It is recommended to strengthen the supervision of fishing activities and fishing operations in Laizhou Bay in the 9 —11 months of the year. Ecological environment quality monitoring of marine ecological red line areas such as Yellow River Estuary and Laizhou shoal should be carried out, and prevent the harmful effect resulted from commercial vessel activities on the marine environment of culture zone and oceanic pasture surrounding the port and shipping zone.