为保证船舶在通路狭窄且复杂的施工水域中安全通行,提出基于Dijkstra算法和Maklink法的改进遗传算法的航线路径优化. 首先,通过改进的Maklink法构建施工水域环境模型;然后，利用Dijkstra算法得到初始基准路径；最后，在此基础上进行遗传编码迭代寻优，得到最优路径.提出了船舶通行度和航线危险度,并分别作为通行水域空间狭窄和路径规划优劣的评价依据.算例仿真结果表明,本文方法大幅度提升了航路的安全性,并尽可能地保证了路径距离较短,由此验证了方法的可行性和有效性.

In order to ensure the safe passage of the ship in the narrow and complicated construction waters, an improved genetic algorithm for route optimization based on Dijkstra algorithm and Maklink method was proposed. Firstly, the construction waters environment model was established by the improved Maklink method. Then the Dijkstra algorithm was used to get the initial reference path. Finally, on this basis, genetic coding iterative optimization was carried out to obtain the optimal path. The ship traffic degree and route risk were proposed, which were used as the evaluation basis for evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of narrow space and route planning in the passage waters respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed method greatly improves the safety of the route and ensures the shorter path distance as far as possible. The feasibility and validity of the proposed method were verified.