锂电池动力船舶电池热失控释放气体电池舱内扩散输运数值模拟

廉洁, 封星, 刘一凡, 廖伟民, 李伟

doi:10.16411/j.cnki.issn1006-7736.2023.03.013

大连海事大学学报 >

2023 , Vol. 49 >Issue 3: 122 - 128

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16411/j.cnki.issn1006-7736.2023.03.013

锂电池动力船舶电池热失控释放气体电池舱内扩散输运数值模拟

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(1. 中共大连市委党校，辽宁大连 116001；2.大连海事大学轮机工程学院，辽宁大连 116026；3. 东疆海事局，天津 731699)

廉洁（1982 — ），男，讲师，研究方向：应急管理;封星*（1985 — ），男，副教授，研究方向：船舶安全与污染控制技术，E-mail：windstar@dlmu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2023-05-08

修回日期: 2023-06-13

录用日期: 2023-06-13

网络出版日期: 2023-09-12

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目（52271357）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（3132023212）；2022年度辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目(L22BKS002)

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Numerical simulation of battery thermal runaway release gas diffusion and transport in the cabin of lithium battery powered ship

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(1.Dalian Municipal Party School of the Communist Party of China, Dalian 116001, China；2.Marine College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China；3.Dongjiang MSA, Tianjin 731699, China)

Received date: 2023-05-08

Revised date: 2023-06-13

Accepted date: 2023-06-13

Online published: 2023-09-12

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摘要

为准确评估锂电池动力船舶电池热失控事故可能产生的爆炸风险，基于欧拉多相流模型耦合标准k-ε湍流模型，建立不同通风条件下电池舱内爆炸性气体云团扩散输运数值模型。以国内某沿海航行锂电池动力船舶为研究对象，开展不同空调送风量下多种规模电池热失控后气体输运过程分析，以释放气体中主要成分H₂燃烧爆炸范围为边界获得可燃爆炸气体云团分布发展情况。计算结果表明，气体释放后在电池舱内迅速扩散并向舱顶聚集，热失控电池数规模越大爆炸性气体云团范围越大且气体浓度越高，通风可以有效降低爆炸性气体云团范围但仅通过改变风量来降低爆炸性气体云团范围不是很有效的措施，CFD数值模拟可以用来辅助评估气体释放事件带来的舱室爆炸风险。

关键词： 锂电池动力船舶; 电池热失控; 爆炸性气体云团; 扩散输运数值模型; 计算流体力学（CFD）

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廉洁, 封星, 刘一凡, 廖伟民, 李伟 . 锂电池动力船舶电池热失控释放气体电池舱内扩散输运数值模拟[J]. 大连海事大学学报, 2023 , 49(3) : 122 -128 . DOI: 10.16411/j.cnki.issn1006-7736.2023.03.013

Abstract

In order to accurately assess the possible explosion risk caused by thermal runaway accidents of the lithium battery powered marine vessels, a numerical model for simulating the diffusion and transport of explosive gas clouds in the battery compartment under different ventilation conditions was established based on the Euler multiphase flow model coupling the standard k- ε turbulence model. Taking a domestic lithium battery powered marine ship as the research target, the gas transport process after thermal runaway of batteries with various number scales under different air conditioning conditions was analyzed, and the distribution and transportation of combustible and explosive gas clouds characterized by using the combustion and explosion range of the main component-H2 of the released gas were obtained. The calculation results indicate that the released gas rapidly diffuses inside the cabin and accumulates towards the cabin roof. The larger the number of batteries with gas release, the larger the explosive gas cloud area and gas concentration. The explosive gas cloud can be decreased by ventilation but cannot be efficiently reduced by simply increasing the supplied air rate. CFD numerical simulation can be utilized to assist in evaluating the cabin explosion risk caused by gas release events.

Key words： lithium-ion battery powered ship; battery thermal runaway; explosive gas clouds; numerical model of diffusion transport; computational fluid dynamics(CFD)

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