历史强度法和基准线法是碳配额初始分配的常用方法。目前，我国仅有上海和深圳市将港口行业纳入地方碳排放交易体系，且均采用历史强度法进行配额初始分配。本文基于效率和公平原则提出了5项港口行业碳排放配额分配准则，即行业减排效率最优、行业碳减排成本最低、鼓励先进者、历史排放责任及大企业责任，并基于TOPSIS-熵权法构建了港口行业碳配额分配效率-公平综合评价模型，采用实证分析对历史强度法、基于碳强度排序的基准线法和基于能耗限值的混合分配法三种方法的配额分配效率和公平性进行了评价。评价结果表明，在效率子目标、公平子目标以及效率-公平综合目标下，基于能耗限值的混合分配法与最优解的接近度分别为0.566、0.711和0.638，在三种分配方法中均排序第一，且在公平子目标和综合评价目标下明显高于其他两种方法。混合分配法虽然增加了具体操作过程的复杂性，但同时提升了碳排放配额分配的效率和公平性。

The historical intensity method and benchmark value method are commonly used methods for initial allocation of carbon quotas.At present, only Shanghai and Shenzhen in China have included the port industry in the carbon trading system, and both use the historical intensity method for initial allocation of quotas.This paper proposes five carbon emission quota allocation criteria for the port industry based on the principles of efficiency and fairness, namely optimal industry emission reduction efficiency, optimal carbon emission efficiency, encouragement of advanced players, historical emission responsibility, and large enterprise responsibility, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation model for carbon quota allocation in the port industry based on TOPSIS entropy weight method.Empirical analysis is used to evaluate the efficiency and fairness of three quota allocation methods: historical intensity method, benchmark value method based on carbon intensity ranking, and mixed allocation method based on energy consumption limit.The results show that under the efficiency-fairness integrated objective and the two sub-objectives of efficiency and fairness, the relative proximity between the evaluation index and the optimal solution of the mixed allocation method based on the energy consumption limit is 0.566, 0.711 and 0.638, respectively, ranking first among the three allocation methods and obviously higher than the other two methods under the fair sub-target and comprehensive evaluation target.Although the mixed distribution method increases the complexity of the specific implementation process, it also improves the efficiency and fairness of the distribution results.